The remaining 12 million tons all fall into scope 3. “Of this total, about 100,000 are scope 1 emissions and about 4 million are scope 2 emissions. “At Microsoft, we expect to emit 16 million metric tons of carbon this year,” president Brad Smith wrote in a January blog post. This is significant, because for most companies, including Microsoft, scope 3 emissions are substantially larger than scope 1 and 2 combined. But in the past several years, in part thanks to the example set by companies like Dow, Unilever, Apple, and Microsoft, measuring and taking responsibility for scope 3 emissions has become the new norm. In the early days of corporate climate engagement, companies typically measured and reduced only their direct energy emissions (scope 1 and 2). (Business travel is a common example - there are carbon emissions embedded in every plane ticket.)
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Scope 1 emissions come directly from resources the business owns or controls, like furnaces or delivery vehicles.In the carbon world, the emissions of a company (or person, city, or country) can be divided into three buckets:
I’ll dig into what Microsoft is doing and what makes it unusual. There is more it could do, but it is earning its good climate reputation. The company is setting new standards, especially in the rigor and transparency it is applying to the effort, and it is deliberately attempting to bring other companies, both suppliers and competitors, along with it into a world of shared metrics and data. I tried to piece together how big a deal its work on climate is - how seriously to take it, what influence it may have, and where it might fall short. Over the past week, I’ve been talking to corporate sustainability experts and people who have worked with, and at, Microsoft. Microsoft president Brad Smith, CFO Amy Hood, and CEO Satya Nadella preparing to announce Microsoft’s plan to be carbon negative by 2030. In recent weeks, Microsoft has released a flurry of announcements updating its progress, so now seems like a propitious time to take a close look. Earlier this year, it committed not just to reducing its emissions but to going carbon negative, wiping out all the carbon the company and its suppliers have emitted since its founding in 1975.
To explore the strength of recent corporate climate commitments (and their limits), I want to focus in on Microsoft, a widely acknowledged leader in the field. Climate change has moved out of the public relations department, into the C-suite, and down to the shop floor. The steps tech companies are taking these days represent a sea change in engagement. It was a greenwashing parade.īut times really have changed. NBC had a “green week,” big corporations bought cheap offsets to become “carbon neutral,” automakers sold SUVs with vegan leather seats, and dozens of companies sold “sustainable” coffee cups, T-shirts, and tchotchkes.
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Those who lived through the faddish interest in climate in the mid-2000s, around the release of Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth, will recall the endless torrent of breathless corporate announcements. Facebook, Google, Amazon, and Apple have all promised to shrink their climate footprints, each attempting to outdo the others.Ĭlimate advocates are naturally leery of these commitments. You could be forgiven for missing it, given the surplus of news, but the past few years have seen a profusion of climate change commitments from big tech companies.
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